The Walt Disney Company as an Internet Pioneer Essay

The Walt Disney Company as an Internet Pioneer There are many factors that contribute to an organizations success, or downfall. Identifying these factors and the role each of them has on the four functions of management should help the organization be more successful. Three factors that may impact an organization may be E-business, technology, and/or diversity. There are many organizations in the world today, though few have been as successful as the Walt Disney Corporation. Disney is one of the most famous names in the animation industry, known for providing entertainment directed to adults and children alike; with international theme parks and a world-class animation studio and business franchise, the company nearly†¦show more content†¦Things like shopping carts, shipping, payment options, security, search engines, and managing the content. Knowing how these things function and ways to improve upon them will reduce later frustrations. Disney must also stay update on the latest technology, and what their competitors are offering. E-commerce and the Internet have changed the way people do business, and with Disney?s careful planning they have evolved successfully with this change. Technology is also a factor in how successful a company will be, and Disney must sure to stay up-to-date with technological advances. ?The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world?s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world.?(http://www.disney.com) The Walt Disney Company is an Internet pioneer. The planning stage that Disney uses is very well organized in a way that allowed them to launch two of the worlds first major, branded consumer Web sites, ESPN.com and Disney.com, in 1995. Some of the many technology firsts Walt Disney Incorporated Group (WDIG) has achieved include: * First Web property to serve over one million pages in its first year (1995) *Show MoreRelatedDisney Case Analysis896 Words   |  4 PagesCase Title: Disney Case Analysis 1. Who are the main players (name and positions)? (5 pts.) Walt Disney-Founder of Disney Michael Eisner- became Chairman and CEO of The Walt Disney Company in 1984, known for transforming Disney into industry leader. He stepped down as CEO in 2005. 2. What business(es) and industry or industries is the company in? (5 pts.) Disney is in the entertainment , media, computer software, consumer products manufacturing, and leisure industries. It is one of the largestRead MoreWalt Disney Media Conglomerate Analysis2632 Words   |  11 PagesWalt Disney: Media Introduction/Random Information The Walt Disney Company is the world’s largest media conglomerate. The company has the ability to be a successful conglomerate due to its Board of Directors, content theme of quality, as well as customer ordination in all its operating segments. The company has television holdings in ABC and ten other broadcasting stations, as well as cable networks including; ABC Family, Aamp;E (37%), and ESPN (80%). Each of these divisions that Disney owns andRead MoreMarketing Audit5819 Words   |  24 PagesWalt Disney Corporation Marketing Audit Max McKay Sabrina Coady Henrik Oiseth Principles of Marketing 308 Professor Simpson November 14, 2006 Walt Disney Corporation Founded in 1923, the Walt Disney Company has predicated itself as the world’s best in the family entertainment business. After 80 years in the business, who could argue with that statement? Today, Walt Disney Corporation dominates the market of family entertainment. An unparalleled experience is the direct affectRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 PagesCompany Research Paper The Walt Disney Company Pranay Kumar George Batah Shuxian Shen Sheng Hao Koo â€Å"We have complied with university honor code in completion of this assignment and I attest that this work is ours and ours alone.† Professor Suzanne Weiss Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Management 4. Situation Analysis 5. Ethics and Responsibility 6. Human Resource 7. Globalization 8. Operation and Production Read MoreDisneyland Paris, An Amusement Park2056 Words   |  9 Pagesand in this case for visitors to visit a place like Disneyland Paris, an amusement park. Following the success of Walt Disney World in Florida, the European version of it; Disneyland Paris, originally Euro Disney, launched on April 12 1992 in Marnne-la-Vallee a town located 32 km east of the center of Paris. It is operated by the Euro Disney S.C.A company and under the theme of Walt Disney heroes like Mickey and Minnie, Disneyland Paris in an amusement theme park, the biggest in France and the mostRead MoreDisneyland Hong Kong8209 Words   |  33 PagesDisneyland (Disney HK) is owned by Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited, a joint venture company with 57 percent shares from the Hong Kong Government and 43 percent shares from the Walt Disney Company. One of the key reasons Disney HK was constructed is to create new jobs for both within Disney and through other employment opportu nities and was also estimated to generate economic benefits for Hong Kong. This report would include a comprehensive analysis of the company, Disney HK. It aims toRead MoreThe Experience Economy On The Hospitality Industry1458 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1999, the concept of the Experience Economy has already existed in some extablishments to gain a large and growing customer base. The Hospitality Industry is an example of this. â€Å"For example, on July 17th, 1955, the pioneer of the Experience Economy, as Pine calls him, Walt Disney supervised the opening of the first DisneyLand in the World in California.† (PineGilmore, 2014) Customers paid an admission fee to go in to the theme park to creat memories, and thus, receive a good experience. A reasonRead MoreTechnology And Corporate Culture : Hewlett Packard3351 Words   |  14 Pagesa technology company together, although they went their separate ways after graduation they eventually re-united. The partnership, Hewlett-Packard, began in a rented garage, 12 by 18 feet, located in Palo Alto, California. With $538 in US Capital, in this small space, proto types were produced such as a diathermy machine, and an electric eye for automatic toilet flushing. This geographical location was largely agricultural with orchards and farms, but the huge success of their company transformedRead MoreEssay11356 Words   |  46 Pagesï » ¿ Challenges at Time Warner1 HEADLINE In January 2003, AOL Time Warner, Inc., announced that it would be posting a loss of $98.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2002, the largest corporate loss in U.S. history. While company exec- utives described the loss as a result of accounting changes rather than problems with ongoing opera- tions, the media conglomerate clearly faced significant challenges. The stock price closed the month of January at $11.66, down from $71 in January 2000, whenRead MoreStarbucks Company Analysis9593 Words   |  39 Pagesoption of different flavorings (MSNBC, 2007). Starbucks believes that their customers choose among retailers on the basis of product quality, convenience, and service. The entrance of McDonald’s in the market could have a significant impact on the company as well as the industry overall because industry watchers say that the drinks at McDonald’s cost about 50 cents less than those at Starbucks and similar competitors (MSNBC). The demographic environment within the coffee industry is comprised

Reading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For...

Books will remain an area that every high schooler hates and every professor loves. Many suggest that reading is nerdy or not social, which makes no sense because in philosophy reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor children. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughts that other activities cannot match, especially watching television or playing video games. I would love to say I have read a lot, but I do not. It is difficult because I have â€Å"monkey mind,† where I cannot concentrate on the certain text without having a random thought race through my mind. It will most likely get worse and that is all due to the technology that is flying out to the ever distracted society . It is often told that the Bible is the most stolen book in the world. It is ironic when there is a commandant that says thou stall not steal. The Bible is also always under a microscope, challenged, and even hated. As of 2013, there are around 6,001,500,000 bibles printed (statistic brain). More than 2,100 different languages have at least one book of the bible printed in that specific language and just in the United States alone, 168,000 bibles are sold or passed out each day. In fact, the Bible would alwaysShow MoreRelatedReading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For These Poor Children906 Words   |  4 PagesIt is portrayed that reading is nerdy or not social, which makes no sense because in philosophy, reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges it faces in 2015. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor children. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughtsRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1346 Words   |  6 Pagesa bout a sassy, defiant, ungrateful poor girl that is out of place in an overpriced expensive toy store. â€Å"The Lesson† is a short story about a young black girl who is struggling with her increasing awareness of class inequality. When Sylvia’s new neighbor, Miss. Moore, a smart college educated woman introduces the reality of social inequality to Sylvia and her group of friends, they become cynical. Sylvia has always known in the back of her mind that she was poor, but never really let it bother herRead MoreFairy Tales : A Child1739 Words   |  7 Pagesasleep. By you reading me fairy tales, when I was a child, it made me closer to you and gave us a special bond. The fairy tales you read to me as a child played a major part in fostering my imagination and creativity that I have now. The article â€Å"The Importance of Fairy Tales† states different reasons why you should read your child fairy tales, some being that fairy tales give an understanding of what is good and of what is bad. Fairy tales can teach children a lot of meaningful life skills and abilitiesRead MoreFamily Is Not An Important Thing983 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence the way a child is brought up and how the child turn out in the future. As Michael J. Fox states â€Å"Family is not an important thing. It s everything.† Although Rex Walls and Rose Mary failed to care for their children sufficiently, it was better for the children to remain with their parents. By putting the children into the foster care system, they can be faced with the possibilities of poor academic achievement, higher social problems, and higher rates of mental illness. First, children in fosterRead MoreDoes Illiteracy Affect Crime and Poverty Rates?1757 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"functionally illiterate† is at an astonishing 85%. Being functionally illiterate means that these children lack reading and comprehension skills that are necessary in order to function in everyday situations as well as the ability to work and maintain a job. Complete illiteracy means a person cannot read or write at all. Functional illiteracy affects a person’s ability to, for example, read medicine labels, fill out a job application, read a bank statement, etc. While being illiterate does not mean a personRead MoreQuestions and Answers by an Educator1462 Words   |  6 Pagesgained about my role as an educational leader from these chapters? Whether we like to believe it or not, we all in some way, shape or form have stigmas that we put on people because of their age, income, and even their disability. You cannot control your age or if you have a disability. However, if you are poor, people just assume that it is your fault and that you can do better. As Koppelman (2014) states, â€Å"People suffer the misery of poverty not because they deserve it, but most likely as a consequenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau’s objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race, social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the skills they will eventu ally grow up to use. Lareau argues that race playsRead MoreSchool Wide Achievement Effects On Children1621 Words   |  7 Pagesyour child and you want them to get a better start in school and life going forward. In this paper we look at multiple studies done regarding ECE programs. Some of them followed people onto adult while others just did to elementary school. This study was done by people at the University of Missouri. By doing this study they were trying to see how much school-wide achievement effects the relationship between early childhood education and performance in reading and math in fifth graders. The questionRead MoreSuccess : The Nurture Achievement1361 Words   |  6 PagesSuccess: The Nurture Achievement According to the Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell views success as a byproduct of history and community, of opportunity and legacy (285). Although everyone tries to become successful in their life, not all of them get their success because they all have different backgrounds, grow in different environments and different cultures. Moreover, these different situations determine a person’s success by providing different chances. So, the many opportunities the environment provideRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1640 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the ski lls they will eventually grow up to use. Lareau argues that race plays Reading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For... Books will remain an interest that every high schooler hates and every professor loves. It is portrayed that reading is nerdy or not social, which makes no sense because in philosophy, reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges it faces in 2015. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor children. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughts that other activities cannot match, especially watching television or playing video games. I would love to say I have read a lot, but I do not. It is difficult because I have â€Å"monkey mind,† where I cannot concentrate on the certain text without having a random thought race through my mind. It will most likely get worse and that is all due to the technology that is flying out to the ever distracted society. It is often told that the Bible is the most stolen book in the world. It is ironic when there is a commandant that says thou stall not steal. The Bible is also always under a microscope, challenged, and even hated. As of 2013, there are around 6,001,500,000 bibles printed (statistic brain). More than 2,100 different languages have at least one book of the Bible printed in that specific language and just in the United States alone, 168,000 bibles are sold or passed out each day. In fact,Show MoreRelatedReading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For These Poor Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessor loves. Many suggest that reading is nerdy or not social, which makes no sense because in philosophy reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor children. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughts thatRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1346 Words   |  6 Pagesabout a sassy, defiant , ungrateful poor girl that is out of place in an overpriced expensive toy store. â€Å"The Lesson† is a short story about a young black girl who is struggling with her increasing awareness of class inequality. When Sylvia’s new neighbor, Miss. Moore, a smart college educated woman introduces the reality of social inequality to Sylvia and her group of friends, they become cynical. Sylvia has always known in the back of her mind that she was poor, but never really let it bother herRead MoreFairy Tales : A Child1739 Words   |  7 Pagesasleep. By you reading me fairy tales, when I was a child, it made me closer to you and gave us a special bond. The fairy tales you read to me as a child played a major part in fostering my imagination and creativity that I have now. The article â€Å"The Importance of Fairy Tales† states different reasons why you should read your child fairy tales, some being that fairy tales give an understanding of what is good and of what is b ad. Fairy tales can teach children a lot of meaningful life skills and abilitiesRead MoreFamily Is Not An Important Thing983 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence the way a child is brought up and how the child turn out in the future. As Michael J. Fox states â€Å"Family is not an important thing. It s everything.† Although Rex Walls and Rose Mary failed to care for their children sufficiently, it was better for the children to remain with their parents. By putting the children into the foster care system, they can be faced with the possibilities of poor academic achievement, higher social problems, and higher rates of mental illness. First, children in fosterRead MoreDoes Illiteracy Affect Crime and Poverty Rates?1757 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"functionally illiterate† is at an astonishing 85%. Being functionally illiterate means that these children lack reading and comprehension skills that are necessary in order to function in everyday situations as well as the ability to work and maintain a job. Complete illiteracy means a person cannot read or write at all. Functional illiteracy affects a person’s ability to, for example, read medicine labels, fill out a job application, read a bank statement, etc. While being illiterate does not mean a personRead MoreQuestions and Answers by an Educator1462 Words   |  6 Pagesgained about my role as an educational leader from these chapters? Whether we like to believe it or not, we all in some way, shape or form have stigmas that we put on people because of their age, income, and even their disability. You cannot control your age or if you have a disability. However, if you are poor, people just assume that it is your fault and that you can do better. As Koppelman (2014) states, â€Å"People suffer the misery of poverty not because they deserve it, but most likely as a consequenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau’s objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race, social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the skills they will eventu ally grow up to use. Lareau argues that race playsRead MoreSchool Wide Achievement Effects On Children1621 Words   |  7 Pagesyour child and you want them to get a better start in school and life going forward. In this paper we look at multiple studies done regarding ECE programs. Some of them followed people onto adult while others just did to elementary school. This study was done by people at the University of Missouri. By doing this study they were trying to see how much school-wide achievement effects the relationship between early childhood education and performance in reading and math in fifth graders. The questionRead MoreSuccess : The Nurture Achievement1361 Words   |  6 PagesSuccess: The Nurture Achievement According to the Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell views success as a byproduct of history and community, of opportunity and legacy (285). Although everyone tries to become successful in their life, not all of them get their success because they all have different backgrounds, grow in different environments and different cultures. Moreover, these different situations determine a person’s success by providing different chances. So, the many opportunities the environment provideRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1640 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the ski lls they will eventually grow up to use. Lareau argues that race plays

American History-Civil Rights Free Essays

During the years 1939 to 1953 the United States armed forces changed a policy of restricting and segregating the Negro into one that had equal opportunity and integration. This revolution took a great deal of time and struggle. Throughout American history the blacks in America considered their military service in the nation’s conflicts as proof of their loyalty and as a brief for their claim to full citizenship. We will write a custom essay sample on American History-Civil Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time white Americans appear to have realized this, and they always sought to restrict or reduce the black soldier’s military service. The national armed forces always were the most integrated major segment of American life. Therefore, the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces has become truly a social revolution in American history. The extent of the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces was discussed several years ago and remains actual among historians to this day. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the debate among historians concerning the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces and the Negro’s reaction to this policy. In reaching this goal, the paper will also shed some light on American race relations during these years. With the World War II crisis of 1939-1945, the questions of restriction, discrimination, and segregation in the United States armed forces became one of two major problems for black Americans. Employment discrimination was also important, and this subject has been examined by historians. Although employment discrimination was the chief everyday issue for Negroes in World War II, discrimination and segregation in the United States armed forces was the more emotionally charged issue. Most historians claim that a black â€Å"revolution† or â€Å"revolt† occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, or 1963. Silberman (1964) writes that segregation was necessary to stop bloody racial conflict and a reduction of the armed services’ potency. Silberman is one of the spiciest critics of American race relations. In his book Crisis in Black and White, he reminded Americans that the United States â€Å"is a racist society in a sense and to a degree that we have refused so far to admit, much less face† (9-10). In 1950, members of the Court obtained evidence from the President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services prior to some important decisions that pointed toward a reversal of the separate but equal position. In 1954, before the important decision on desegregation, members of the Court read in manuscript form journalist Lee Nichols’ Breakthrough on the Color Front (1954), the first book-length account of military integration. Usually North Carolinians – at least most white North Carolinians – tend to look back at the years 1939 to 1953 and their adjustment to changing times with pride. But historians reporting progress in the South seldom give North Carolina high marks. Writer Roland (1984) in his book on the South since World War II writes with considerable disappointment because the southern state with the best race relations prior to the Brown decision failed to lead the region in the integration of blacks into society after 1954. In his study of southern governors and desegregation, Horton (1960) expresses a similar disappointment. The writer observes that North Carolina escaped much of the demagoguery characteristic of several neighboring states because Tar Heel governors tried to keep the peace and found local solutions to racial problems. On a contradictory note, however, Silberman (1964) calls the Patriots of North Carolina as a â€Å"sedate version† of the Citizens Council and attributes to the Patriots and their successors, the North Carolina Defenders of States’ Rights, the names of some of the â€Å"most respected men of North Carolina† (14). From the beginning of a military tradition in America, black manpower has been used for military aims. Most of historians (Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the American Revolution; Dudley Taylor Cornish , The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865; Robert J. Dwyer, † The Negro in the United States Army: His Changing Role and Status,† Sociology and Social Research; L. D. Reddick, † The Negro Policy of the United States Army, 1775-1945,† Journal of Negro History) who have investigated the problem have noticed a desire on the part of white Americans to limit the participation of the blacks in military affairs until an emergency or crisis develops. Then black manpower was utilized as a military necessity. Quarles notices that this pattern was established in the colonial militia. Each colony followed this policy that excluded Negroes as soldiers. Dwyer writes when emergencies such as Indian threats emerged and there was urgent need for manpower, however, most colonies saw fit to overlook these exclusion laws and volunteered Negroes (19). When the Continental Army was created at the beginning of the American Revolution, the black soldiers were excluded. Once more, when white volunteers became harder to find, this policy was changed, and about five thousand Negroes served with the American revolutionary arms. In The New York Times, Hinton observes that there occurred important changes by the end of World War II that made it more difficult to maintain the racial status quo in America. The ballots of American Negroes had become a powerful political force. The belligerent spirit that matured during the war made Negroes shure to fight segregation wherever it stood in the way of full citizenship. The United States became the leader of the non-Communist world. The race problem was a weakness in its Cold War attempts to influence the emerging nations. A new President took office in the centre of the changing situation. He realized that the status quo in American society relations had to give way to a new race order. Unlike his forerunner, this President would have found it difficult to take a passive stand on Negro rights even if he had wanted to do so. The race problems in civilian life reached a new peak with the end of war. This was especially true in the South where there was fear that the status quo in race relations would be further upset by the many returning Negro veterans. In Freedom and Equality: Addresses by Harry S Truman Horton (1960) writes about racial violence and revival of riots in this period. Many people believed that a wave of race riots would begin with a new force in the country as they had after World War I. Among those people who remembered the riots after World War I and who was afraid that they would be repeated was President Harry Truman. Two particularly violent attacks induced President Truman to some significant action in order to protect civil rights. Horton (1960) gives examples of cruelty. For instance, in February, 1946, Isaac Woodard, a newly discharged veteran still in uniform, was blinded when South Carolina policemen pulled him off a bus and jabbed their night sticks into his eyes. In July, 1946, two Negro veterans and their wives were taken from a car near Monroe, Georgia, by a mob of white men. The four Negroes were lined up and killed by approximately sixty shots pumped into their bodies (12). To stop this kind of violence President Truman created the President’s Committee on Civil Rights on December 6, 1946. The purpose was to examine the nebulous authority of the Federal Government in the civil rights area and to recommend appropriate legislation. Horton (1960) considers the beliefs on civil rights of this man from Missouri with a Southern heritage. He quotes Truman, â€Å"I was raised amidst some violently prejudiced Southerners myself†. Perhaps Truman reflected his own transformation on this matter when he stated his belief that â€Å"the vast majority of good southerners understand that the blind prejudices of past generations cannot continue in a free republic. † Horton says that it is clear that Truman had support from Negro voters as early as 1926. He inherited black support from the Pendergast machine of Kansas City, and he managed to maintain this support throughout his career as a senator (34). At President Truman’s first news conference a Negro one reporter asked him a question – what stand he would take on civil rights matters. Truman replied: â€Å"I will give you some advice. All you need to do is to read the Senate record of one Harry S Truman† (Public Papers of the Presidents). As a candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1944 Truman had also directed interested persons to his Senate record. Surely he was proud of his position on civil rights. â€Å"Without exception,† one student of Truman’s Senate record has concluded, :Senator Truman acted to provide greater protection for minorities and to afford equal treatment under the law† (Horton 14). Truman continually supported antilynching bills. He also signed petitions for cloture and voted for the amendments to the Selective Service Act of 1940 intended to stop discrimination. How to cite American History-Civil Rights, Papers

My Nyu Audition free essay sample

Im sitting in the waiting room of the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. I have anticipated this for years my audition to get into this prestigious acting school. The sad part is that all this waiting and hoping is coming down to a 20-minute audition/ interview with one man judging me. And, of course, since Im ill at ease and my last name begins with R, Im the last to audition. Its absolutely terrifying.Finally he calls my name. Half of me is extremely excited and the other half wants to turn around and cry, but I know I have to do it, so I go in.I do my two contrasting monologues and then sit down for the interview. He asks me all kinds of questions: what kinds of books I read, what are my strong points and weaknesses and then, why acting? In these interviews, if you want to go to the school badly enough, youll tell them anything: your weight, your most embarrassing moment, even the stupid name your parents call you. We will write a custom essay sample on My Nyu Audition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, I tell this man my silly story of why I want to act.Then he asks me one more question, Anything you want to ask me?I think for a minute, then reply, Critique me, tell me what you think my strong points and weaknesses are.After he gives me the run down of constructive criticisms, I probably look like I am about to cry. Then he says, Will you do it for me again? Now that you know what to improve? I want to see if you can take direction. Move around the chair, get loud and take it over the top.This request from the man who I was so scared of a half-hour ago was godsent. I have a second chance to prove myself. Its amazing! I do what he told me to, without hesitation. Afterwards, he nods his head and says, Thats what I wanted to see.After that, I thank him, shake his hand and leave. I feel really good about myself. He didnt give me any sign that I would get in, or anything like that, but I know I have done the absolute best I could and if they dont think that was good enough for thei r school, then fine. But I know I couldnt have done better myself. fl

The autobiography of Malcolm X

One of the greatest and most influential men that captured the attention of both his friends and enemies, and articulated the struggle, the hunger, and the credence of African-American in the early 1960s is none other than Malcolm X. Malcolm X lived a complex and controversial life, at times landing a job of shoe-shinning, a dancer, criminal, a leader, a minister, and an icon, before his life was drastically ended by an assassins’ bullets at a tender age of thirty nine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The autobiography of Malcolm X specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He worked tirelessly giving speeches and educating both young and old black Americans to better their lives and create strong communities that embraces strong fabric of self actualization and independent man. Interestingly, Malcolm X is also known for using and changing his names from Malcolm Little, El Hajj Malik, Detroit Red and El-Sha bazz. Most historians argue that those different names of Malcolm represented the different spheres of his live. Needless to say, Malcolm X became one of the greatest symbols of reconciliation and resistance for millions of people around the world. This study will endeavor to explore the life history of Malcolm X who was a son of a Baptist minister. The autobiography of Malcolm X is the outstandingly true story of an African-American man, and it presents the daily struggle of millions of black during the period of racial discrimination and segregation. The study will explore the transformation and individuality of Malcolm X that led him to sustain dedication and will to get education. Malcolm X autobiography unfolds a society that is plagued by discrimination and class segregation in every sphere of America society. Malcolm unveils the struggle of civil rights movements and the emergence of the Black Nationalism. The autobiography of Malcolm X give a detailed true story of Malcolm X as he struggled with the life of hustling, dope peddler and a thief to become a dynamic and influential African American leader. The autobiography captures a span of four decades from the birth of Malcolm X in May 1925, to his assassination on 21 February 1965. Malcolm X was one of the eight children of Louise Little and Reverend Earl. Like many other black American children Malcolm X was raised amidst racial prejudice and poverty stricken family. Malcolm X only attended school up to the eighth grade and he spent most of teenage life in street and prison. During the late 1950s, discrimination and racial segregation was institutionalized in every aspect of America society.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schools, neighborhoods and businesses were segregated along skin color, and the Supreme Court legalized racial segregation through allowing separate but equal treatment of bo th black and white citizens. Furthermore, several states in America prevented African-Americans from voting. All African-Americans experienced grave hardship during this period given their inferior status in American society (Henry and Nellie, 9). In the early 1950, Malcolm X together with several African Americans leaders organized black militancy that organized both violent and nonviolent demonstration. Malcolm believed that African American had the right to defend they society using any means necessary to gain their freedom. Malcolm X was against the white power structure and racist vigilante groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, which at one time threatened their family (Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz, 2). In addition, Malcolm was against some civil rights organization for their soft stance against American’s racial problems. Before being assassinated Malcolm had moderated his stance against black discrimination and advocated for solidarity among African-Americans, and urged bot h people of all races to work together and end racism. According to the autobiography of Malcolm X, his life is a good example of how determination, confidence and perseverance can change the life of an individual (Manning, 5). The next section will critically explore the life history of Malcolm X from his birth to up to his assassination. The section will critically analyze some of the achievements and setbacks that Malcolm went throughout his life. Malcom X was born on 19th May 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, and was a son of an African Baptist preacher. His mother, Louise Norton Little was a house wife and took responsible of raising the eight children. Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz, (2) explains that the father of malcoml X, Earl Little was an outspoken activists and minister, and was among the strongest members of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and a member of Marcus Garvey. This organizations made Earl Little to brush shoulders with white supremacist groups including the Ku Klux Klan. The family of Malcolm X was in constant fear of being attacked from these groups. From the autobiography of Malcolm X (6) he recall that â€Å"When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded Ku Klux Klan riders galloped up to our home in Omaha, Nebraska, one night. Surrounding the house, brandishing their shotguns and rifles, they shouted for my father to come out†. The group smashed their family house destroying all their windows and doors, which angered Malcolm X father. The family late moved to Lansing, but their house was late burned by the Ku Klux Klan and the family managed to escape without any major injuries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The autobiography of Malcolm X specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aboulafia (7) explains that on 8th September 1931, the further of Malcolm X was fatally killed by streetcar on his way to home, at then Malcolm was only six years old. The police ruled his death to be an accident although the black community refuted the finding of the police claiming that the white supremacy groups had a hand on his death. The death of Malcolm X father changed their family life drastically. Henry and Nellie (67) explains that since their father was the bread winner, their financial problems worsened. Furthermore, Mrs. Louise Norton Little was most devastated by Mr. Earl death, which made her suffer from enormous stress and anxiety caused by the responsibility of raising the eight children. Her mother was later institutionalized in the early 1937, which left the eight children leaving with friends, foster families or their in lasing. Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz (78) explain that Malcolm attended school up to the level of eighth grade. At the age of thirteen Malcolm became expelled from school and the state officials moved him to detention home. During this period, Malcolm had defiant behavior, but he was an outstanding student among his schools mates. At the detention home Malcolm was treated as a mascot to the couples who lived at that home. Malcolm aspired to become a lawyer, but his English teacher discouraged him from becoming a lawyer because he was black. In 1941, Malcolm asked to be transferred to the guardianship of his half sister who was living in Boston. During the stay in Boston, Malcolm was more attracted to street life than in the upper class that her sister resided. Malcolm landed a job of shoe shinning at Roseland Ballroom, which became a center of his life. During this period, Malcolm became a hustler, where he leant how to sell drugs, dancing, con man, dope pusher and a thug. His love life was also affected and he dated many women a white woman Sophia and Laura. In some instances Malcolm explains that Sophia â€Å"was bothered about me living among the prostitutes until I introduced her to some of them, and they talked, and she thought they were great. They would te ll her they were keeping me straight for her† (104). Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz explain that during World War II, Malcolm was able to secure a job in the army by lying about his age. Malcolm secured a job in the railway since the American army was in dire need of cooks, porters and waiters. As a worker in railway, Malcolm became even more dangerous by engaging in drug peddling and gambling. At one point Malcolm X argue that â€Å"One day, in a blackjack game, an old cook who was dealing the cards tried to be slick, and I had to drop my pistol in his face† (119).Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Breitman (46) explains that Malcolm was able to secure a job at Small Paradise as a waiter, where he became acquitted with many drug loads and elites. After losing the job at Small paradise, Malcolm was able to form a burglary ring that terrorized many residence together with their sister and girl friend. Malcolm became a drug addict and cocaine dealers, whereby he was well known by the police. He escaped several attempts to be caught by the police. At the age of 20 years, malcon became a well known drug dealer, burglar and peddler. In 1946, Malcolm was arrested and sent to 10 years in jail. Manning (9) explains that the prison life changed Malcolm character and behavior for the rest of his life. During the prison life Malcolm met another prisoner called Bimbi who was a self educated man. For the long time that Malcolm had left school he had forgotten how to read and write. With the help of Bimbi encouragement and training Malcolm was able to learn how to read and write. In addition , Malcolm underwent spiritual and moral transformation through the teaching of honorable Elijah Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad was known as the message of Allah (Allah is the name for Muslim god). Elijah was very much adored by the black prisoners since he instilled a sense of self-respect and admiration. Furthermore, Elijah Muhammad condemned very strongly the white supremacist segregation of black people and blamed them on the poor government policies. Elijah blamed whites for the harsh treatment of African-American in the North, and he argued that the only way to solve the injustice was through black separatism (Aboulafia, 8). Breitman (57) explains that it was during this period that Malcolm brother Reginald visited him severally to offer spiritual support. During the numerous visits Reginald advised Malcolm that he had a way of removing him from the prison. During the meetings Reginald advised Malcolm not to eat any pork meat because of religious reasons. The plan of Reginald was to enlist Malcolm in the Nation of Islam, which was an organization known as Black Muslims. The organization was founded by Elijah Muhammad in the early 1930s and their main objective was to urge for the separation of races. The organization viewed the white man as being evil, and blamed them for the misfortune of blacks. Malcolm was very ready to receive this ideology since the white supremacists groups terrorized them constantly. The ideology and teachings of Elijah Muhammad inspired Malcolm to study African American history. Through studying history Malcolm was strongly convinced that the white were responsible for their suffering and mistreatment. Through studying Malcolm joined the Nation of Islam and changed his name to the famous Malcolm X (Henry and Nellie, 9). Aboulafia (78) explains that Malcolm actively studied the work of Elijah, which advocated that the white supremacists worked tirelessly to prevent the blacks from gaining independence. The white ensured that the African Americans did not achieve economic, social and political power. The organization also taught Africans American to fight for their state that was not habited by white. Malcolm became an active member of the group and stated his new career teaching other African Americans to fight for their rights. After serving for seven years Malcolm was released from jail through a paroled and went to recede in Detroid. Malcolm became an active member of the Black Muslim and took up studies to understand the ways of Muslims. In early 1952, Malcolm travelled to Chicago to meet with Muhammad who played an important role in educating him while he was in prison. Malcolm was very determined to understand Muslim and he decided to study personally under the guidance of Elijah. To show his dedication to revolutionize the African American Malcolm returned to Boston and implemented the black temple. In 1954, Malcolm X was elected as the minster of Nation of Islam, which was located in the New York (Aboulafi a, 78). Through the leadership of Malcolm the Nation of Islam grew significantly, and Malcolm gained popularity among the African Americans. The organization grew from a small number of worshippers into a large organized movement that was dedicated to Black separatisms ideology. Malcolm became the greatest and exceptional speaker and teacher for the Black Muslim. Aboulafia (78) explains that Malcolm became increasingly close to Elijah because of his popularity and the successful launch of several temple in different cities. Henry and Nellie, (9) explains that with time Malcolm became the leading symbol of the organization as he organized several lectures and establishment of several mosque. The social life of Malcolm significantly changed through the new status he gained in the Black Muslim organization. In 1955, Malcolm X met Betty Sanders during his lectures at temple Number seven. Betty sander had been invited to several lectures of Malcolm X, and she was impressed with the teach ing of Malcolm X. the two friends met severally and Malcolm managed to convert Betty to become one of the most active lady in Nation of Islam. In 1958, Malcolm and Betty were officially married in Lansing, Michigan. The two couples were blessed with six daughters. Their names were Attallah, Qubilah, llyasah, Gamilah, Malka and Malaak (Henry and Nellie, 89). During his lectures, Malcolm X stated to advocate for violent revolution citing numerous countries that went through the same situation. In one of his numerous speeches, Malcolm cited the American Revolution, French revolution, Russian revolution. In all this revolution, Malcolm argued that it involved the shade of blood. Malcolm argued that you cannot have a revolution without bloodshed and the African American should be ready to shade blood for them to gain independent. In early 1959, the speeches of Malcolm stated to attract media attention through the country. Most importantly the media covered the two leaders that are Malcol m X and Elijah Muhammad because of their strong separatist ideology and hatred for whites. This new found publicity made Malcolm have violent confrontation with police after organizing several protest and demonstrations. Malcolm became a symbol for an angry black man that was tired of constant discrimination (Aboulafia, 78). Malcolm sudden extremist speech and notoriety made Elijah Muhammad fearful. Elijah stated to reduce the support that was given to Malcolm and during the same period Malcolm had rumors that Elijah had violated the code of Nation of Islam. The disagreement between Malcolm and Elijah Muhammad became unsolvable, which led to the ultimate suspension of Malcolm. The suspension was meant to last for only 90 days, but Malcolm inquired that Elijah had planned to make the suspension permanent. Malcolm X (300) explains that his suspicions was correct after a member of the group confessed to him that he was paid to assassinate Malcolm through placing a bomb in his car. In 1 964, Malcolm decided to leave the Nation of Islam and formed his own organization called Organization of Afro-American Unity. After visiting pilgrimage in Mecca, Malcolm stated to form different ideology regarding the new war against segregation. Malcolm came up with the ideology of brotherhood. Malcolm stated to blame the American culture and ideology on racism and hugged the African-American to join other whites to end racial discrimination. The ideology that Malcolm came up with was quite different from the Black Muslim ideologies. He rejected the earlier ideology that he was taught with Elijah. He explained that the African American should labor like any other races to build their businesses and homes. Malcolm argued that the African Americans should patronize their own people, and start to build their own respect. According to Malcolm, the African-Americans were supposed to correct their morality, moral and spiritual life. Aboulafia, (200) explains that not most African America ns followed the new ideology of Malcolm. Malcolm made several trips to Africa countries where he was received with government officials. He returned back home where he dedicated most of his time with Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz (119) explain that the last few month of Malcolm had intense pressure. His house was bombed and he received constant threat both from nation of Islam and his enemies. In 21th February 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated with unknown men by being short several times. During that period, Malcolm was supposed to give a speech at Organization of Afro-America Unity meeting at ballroom in Harlem. Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz, (400) explains that when Malcolm stood to speak a fight stated in the audience. During the commotion three men emerged and short Malcolm several times where he died instantly. Three of the assassins were arrested and two of them were Muslims. Most of the followers of Malcolm believed the assassination was pla nned by a large number of organizations including the government officials. Malcolm was killed but killers were not able to stop his influence (Malcolm X, Haley and Shabazz, 409). It is clear from the study that the autobiography of Malcolm X can be viewed in different perspective. When viewed as an autobiography it portrays an interesting life history of a young man. In addition, when viewed as sociological study, the autobiography gives a clear example of how young people struggle to meet the end meat. Politically, the autobiography has influenced most African Americans to fight for their rights. It clearly shows how religion plays a fundamental role molding character of individuals. One of the difficult positions of the autobiography is that Malcolm X was life was constantly changing. His political ideas were very contradicting, and it was difficult to tell the direction of his ambitions. Works Cited Aboulafia, Anita. Alex Haley’s the autobiography of Malcolm X. REA.com, 1 996. Web. Breitman, George. The Last Year of Malcolm  X; the Evolution of a Revolutionary. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1967. Print. Henry, Louis and Mckay Nellie. The Norton anthology of African American Literature. NY: WW Norton Company, 1996. Print. Malcolm X, Alex Haley and Attallah Shabazz. The Autobiography of Malcolm X; As Told to Alex Haley. New York: Ballantine Books, 1987. Print. Manning, Marable. Malcolm X; a Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking, 2011. Print. This research paper on The autobiography of Malcolm X was written and submitted by user Warren T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Use Cuando in Spanish

How To Use Cuando in Spanish Cuando or its question form, cundo, is the Spanish word used most often for when. It can be used as an interrogative pronoun, subordinating conjunction, or preposition. Fortunately, its use is usually straightforward for Spanish students because as a pronoun or conjunction it is used in much the same way as the English word. Cundo in Questions In questions, cundo is always used with a verb in the indicative mood, the most common type. As in the final two examples, cundo can also be used in indirect questions.  ¿Cundo pasà ³ el cometa Halley por à ºltima vez? (When did Halleys comet last pass by?) ¿Cundo es Semana Santa en Espaà ±a este aà ±o? (When is Holy Week in Spain this year?) ¿Hasta cundo dura la ola de frà ­o? (How long will the cold wave last? Literally: Until when will the cold wave last?) ¿Cundo ganarà © la loterà ­a? (When will I win the lottery?)Quieren saber cundo voy a dar a luz. (They want  to know when Im going to give birth.)No entiendo cundo se usan las palabras por y para. (I dont understand when the words por and para are used.)No sabemos cundo aprendià ³ a atarse los zapatos. (We dont know when she learned to tie her shoes.) Note how cundo is spelled with an orthographic accent. The accent doesnt affect its pronunciation. Cuando as a Subordinator When cuando is used used to introduce a clause (a series of words that could be a sentence but form a longer phrase starting with cuando), either the indicative or subjunctive mood can be used in that clause. The choice of moods depends on whether the action of the verb has been completed. As a subordinating conjunction, cuando - usually translated as when or whenever - typically is followed by a verb in the indicative mood when that verb refers to something that has already occurred or is occurring in the present. The present includes referring to an event that has occurred and could continue to occur. Boldface verbs in these samples indicate the subordinate verb in the indicative mood: Recuerdo cuando llegaron mis padres. (I remember when my parents came.)La à ºltima vez fue cuando dos miembros del equipo fueron detenidos. (The last time was when two members of the team were arrested.)Ana cometià ³ dos errores cuando comprà ³ la bicicleta.  (Ana made two mistakes when she bought the bicycle.)No hay nada que hacer cuando la và ­ctima ya est muerta. (There is nothing to do when the victim is already dead.)Nadie me paga cuando estoy enfermo. (Nobody pays me when Im sick.)Come cuando tengas hambre, no sà ³lo cuando el reloj dice que es hora de comer. (Eat when you are hungry, not just when the clock says its time to eat.)Cuando vamos a la ciudad siempre es porque hay mil cosas que hacer allà ­. (When we go to the city it is always because there are a thousand  things to do there.) In contrast, the present-tense subjunctive mood typically follows cuando when verb referring to an action or state of being that has yet to occur. Note how use of the subjunctive isnt accompanied by a corresponding verb change in the English translation.  Boldfaced verbs here are in the subjunctive: Llegaremos cuando debamos y no antes. (We will arrive when we should and not before.)Mà ­rame a los ojos cuando hables.  (Look in my eyes when you speak.)Despià ©rtame cuando lleguen tus amigos. (Wake me up when your friends arrive.)Vamos a hacerlo cuando seamos capaces. (We are going to do it when we are capable.) ¿Quà © voy a hacer cuando està © viejo? (What am I going to do when I am old?)Cuando vayamos a la ciudad sea porque habrn mil cosas que hacer allà ­. (When we go to the city, it will be because there will be a thousand things to do there.) Cuando as a Preposition Although not particularly common, cuando also can be a preposition. In these instances, cuando means at the time of, although you may have to improvise with the translation rather than translating word for word. Voy a estar triste cuando insolvencia. (Ill be sad when an insolvency occurs.)No he pensado cà ³mo serà © cuando adulto. (I have not thought of how Ill be as an adult.)Apaga la llama cuando hervir. (Turn off the flame when boiling occurs.) Key Takeaways When cundo is used in a question to mean when, a written accent is used with the .Cuando (without a written accent) is frequently used to introduced a clause that can be in either the indicative or subjunctive mood.Unlike the English when, cuando is sometimes used as a preposition and cannot be translated directly.

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Close reading of Player Piano by Kurt Vonnegut - Essay Example Vonnegut points out that machine dramatically changed society to an extent where everyone had a real life. Influence of machines evidences in better healthcare, luxury, and reliable security. In addition, machines create stratification depending on accessibility and perceived control. In this regards, managers and some few engineers with access to control of machines lived a better life (Vonnegut 85). From a general perspective, the features made society look better. However, a deeper focus provides an unlikely picture of the community. Machines make individuals to loose real dignity in most jobs. Hence, the only people with jobs that matters are the managers and the engineers. To him, such a society becomes a dystopian society. In his work, Vonnegut uses themes like religion, war and the social inequality. He also uses elements of the science of fiction and black humour. Other notable features include satire and protagonist. Paul Proteus is protagonist in the novel. He shows displeasure with his privileged position and imagines the experience of the worse off people in life. The dissatisfaction is what leads to a rebellion by the elite class. Player Piano revolves around power. Specifically, the close reading relates the concept to the notion of power distribution in the society. Any particular community has a set of rules that act as a social contract. Such regulations serve to control actions of the subjects. With rules, everyone has a role, power and a given level of freedom in the society. For example, a modern democratic society has the police who are entitled to coordinate law enforcement. The coordination stipulates clear roles to every member of the community. Policy makers formulate laws while everyone has a democratic right to vote. In relation to the player piano, the author also presents elements of power distribution. Specifically, the importance interplay of power distribution and dystopian fiction. Therefore, Vonnegut identifies the

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Democracy and Development - Research Paper Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization has become the dominant factor in the development of civilization of the world in the XXI century. Globalization is the process of market-driven, rather than government forces. Globalization is a fusion of national economies into a single, global system based on ease of movement of capital, on transparency, on the technological revolution. The contours of global consolidation are business in the distant future. In this context, the role of national states to regulate economic and social processes will continue for many years.( Acemoglu,Robinson 2006) A testament of the nation-state activity is the activity of the "Group of Eight" - the U.S., UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan, Russia. At its annual meeting of leaders of the "Group of Eight" the global economy is discussed, poverty and wealth, and environmental problems. In the past three years, the leaders of the "Group of Eight" discussed the issues of nuclear security and disarmament, i nternational terrorism. Polar position in relation to a group of rich countries have the least developed countries (LDCs). Since the beginning of the 70s that number had increased to 40 in 1986. The countries LDCs are characterized by extremely low standard of living. Geographically, the majority of poor countries are a countries in Asia and Africa. But a number of states in Asia managed to make significant progress. In 80-90s were often mentioned the so-called Asian dragons (Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia). A whole group of Asian and African countries can not escape from the clutches of poverty. Among these countries there are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Gambia, Djibouti, Mali, Tanzania, Togo, Chad, Ethiopia, etc. The question of Romania and Poland After the Revolution of National Salvation Front, led by Ion Iliescu, took partial multi-party democratic arrangements and the free market. There were revived several major political parties, of the pre- war era, such as the Christian-Democratic National Peasants, the National Liberal Party and the Romanian Social Democrat Party. After several major political rallies, in April 1990, a protest sit-in, challenging the results of the recent parliamentary elections began in University Square, Bucharest accusing the Front to be composed of former Communists and members of the Securitate. The protesters did not recognize the election results, considering them as undemocratic and requested exclusion from the political life of former high-ranking participants of the Communist Party. The protest quickly grew to become an ongoing demonstration (known as Golaniad). Peaceful demonstrations deteriorated into violence, and strong intervention of miners from Jiu Valley has led to what is remembered as the June 1990 Mineriad. (Iliescu, Tismaneanu 2006) Subsequent decay of the Front has made several political parties including the Romanian Democrat Social Party (later the Social Democratic Party), D emocratic Party, and (the Union for Romania). First Romania run from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments with Ion Iliescu, and as head of state. Since then there have been three democratic changes of government: in 1996, the democratic-liberal opposition and its leader Emil Konstentinesku took power, in 2000 the Social Democra

Minorities In The Criminal Justice System Criminology Essay

Minorities In The Criminal Justice System Criminology Essay The importance of recognizing the fundamental concepts of issues in the Canadian criminal justice system is critical in the illustration of justice to minorities predominately Blacks and Aboriginal. Blacks and Aboriginals have been challenged socially, economically and politically. In examining the Canadian criminal justice system, it can be concluded there are many complications in attempting to justify the outcome of a case. It is imperative to recognize if the Canadian judicial system is simply responsible for the over representation of Blacks and Aboriginals in the justice system. This paper will further examine and critically analyze the flaws of the justice system. The processes of prosecuting an offender sometimes rely on the jurors. The importance of selecting jury needs to be further addressed. Thus, this paper will examine different aspects of the Canadian criminal justice system in relation to the existence of racial discrimination. The foundation of Canada was formed by the Aboriginals continuing to the colonial revolution to become a multicultural country. However the diverse races that are existent in Canada have been in conflict. Racism has lingered for countless years wherein complete abolishment will be unsuccessful providing marginalization and stereotypes are existent in society. It is noteworthy to recognize the race-related injustice minorities experience within the criminal justice system. Though the different systems and procedures in the criminal justice system are designed to protect society, minorities are often challenged with stigmatization. Evidence from the Canadian society indicates an over representation of minorities within the criminal justice system to the extent that there are concerns regarding wrongful convictions such as Donald Marshall, Jr. Prevalent oppression of these races lead to the failure of the justice system to be a reliable source of integrity to citizens, failing to build confidence. This paper will discuss the importance of fair and equal treatment in the justice system. The failure to recognize the injustice minorities encounter often results in the constant practice of systemic discrimination. Discriminatory practices such as racial discrimination and racial profiling are still prevalent within the Canadian Criminal Justice System. The significance of addressing this issue is having an impartial mindset in the judicial system when a minority is convicted. This issue can be addressed as systemic discrimination leading to the over representation of Black and Aboriginal in prisons in Canada. The key areas I will focus on are: the white dominated jury selection in trials involving minorities. I will examine if the criminal cases are a result of systemic discriminatory practices or if it is the complications within those cases. In addition I will also analyze the reason why there is an over representation of Blacks and Aboriginals within the Criminal Justice System and if Canada violates the legislated human rights identified under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and possibly the Criminal Code. This paper will consist of various studies conducted to examine whether racial discrimination is existent in society. Many studies have been conducted to determine if racial prejudice is present through arrests and court systems resulting in the over population of the prisons. In this paper I will analyze various sources of literature review, reports, articles, cases, theories and studies to enhance my arguments and persuade the reader to implement solutions to help reduce the partial treatment in all levels of the criminal justice system. By addressing the fundamental issue in society it raises awareness of the possible solutions that can be addressed. This is a topic of interest as I can relate as a minority. I hope to limit the partial practices in the Criminal Justice System. The analysis of criminal court cases such as R. v. Williams (1998), R. v. Khan (2004), R. v. Marshall (1971) will support my arguments regarding existing mistreatment of ethnic minorities with the Canadian criminal justice system. I will also discuss that stigmatization of blacks and Aboriginals are still prominent in todays society in the arrest and court processes. In this paper, I will explore why such injustice is still occurring and what actions can be taken to minimize stigmatization. I will draw attention to the various forms of injustice within the Canadian criminal justice system. Through analysis of particular cases I will draw attention to the types of discriminatory practice that exist. I will also make recommendation on how to bet ter address the existing racism problems within the current justice system as addressing such mal practices are vital in improving the justice system. Historical Concepts of Race: It is vital to consider the historical background of the racial backgrounds that will be focused on in this paper. It determines the fundamental cause of the problem today that affects many lives. It is imperative to recognize the aspects that will facilitate for a better understanding of the outcomes of cases. In addition this will confirm the challenges minorities have faced are still present today. Mosher (1998) has proven, The analysis of racial inequality in diverse historical contexts allows us to establish a perspective from which to view contemporary problems (p.28). Blacks in Canada As a result of colonialism, Canada has attracted immigrants from all over the world including blacks. In 2006, data collected through surveys concluded the black population increased to over three quarters of a million approximate 783,000 (Wortley Owusu-Bempah, 2010). Though the population increased significantly from the earlier years, the representation of blacks within the Canadian population remains at 2.5%. The black population in Canada fails to be equally scatter in population distribution, as a result only concentrated in specific cities. The migration of the black population is diversified from the country of origin with different composition of cultures, values and beliefs. The survey concluded Canadas black population suffers from economic and social disadvantage (Wortley Owusu-Bempah, 2010). The progress of multiculturalism in Canada through the colonial revolution significantly affected the black population. Historically dated, the prominent severe practice of slavery of black individuals was practiced in the United Stated and the Caribbean. Nonetheless, Canada also had some sort of involvement. It has been evident in the ownership of slaves by six legislators of Upper Canadas first parliament (Wortley Owusu-Bempah, 2010). This illustrates the foundation of collectively placing the black population in social disparity from the beginning. Thus, the impact of disadvantage continues to the present day. The poor treatment of white elites towards the black population often denied the basic rights of individuals. The stigmatization of blacks led to segregation in school as well as public life along with limitations of owning properties (Winks, 2008). The hostile treatment of the white population towards blacks was very explicit in comparison to todays society. Although issues of racial discrimination have been addressed it is still implicitly prominent today. Stereotypical views The historical perspective of the blacks in Canada can further illustrate the root of the problem of society today. The beliefs and stereotypes that have been the first perspective of whites towards the black population have been instilled in individuals continuing to carry those set of beliefs. According to a recent survey, results have shown one third of the Canadian population report being at least slightly racist (Leger, 2007). The mentality that has been created about the black population being socially and economically underprivileged has found a way to make members of society believe they are continually being stigmatized. On the earlier years, whites have always had the upper hand in contrast to blacks, this has implicitly continued by examining the members of the criminal justice system from the police system to the members of the judiciary. As racial discrimination has formed in various ways from the beginning, it has had adverse affects on the black population of todays so ciety and the law. Thus, the mentality from the slavery days have evolved and integrated into the justice system, affecting the method of serving justice to blacks. The issue of racial discrimination in Canada is a controversial topic. In contrast, the most common explicit evidence of racial discrimination is racial profiling evident through anecdotal accounts. The debate in Canada consists of the scepticism of the general public with focus on systemic discrimination that exists in the justice system and if there is equal access to services offered within the Canadian criminal justice system (Wortley, 2003). Canada in comparison to the United States lacks the resources for empirical evidence to further assess the amount of racial discrimination in the justice system. However, the minimal research conducted has evidently illustrated the prevalence of discrimination within the black and First Nation group of minorities. Indigenous First Nations suffered through a devastating history however one may not assume it has been completely stopped. Surprisingly, in the present day the mistreatment of police forces or other authoritative figures have not simply justified fair and equal treatment. Many scholars have attempted to study the relationship of the treatments of the criminal justice system through the communication processes (Roberts, Doob, 1997). Historically, Aboriginals were seen as a barrier to colonization and progress, as an outcome they were subject to unjust treatment and were forced to assimilate into Canadian life. They were also subject to convert from red men to white this was accomplished by forcing them into residential schools where they suffered a tremendous amount of torture (Dickson-Gilmore, 2005). During this process, First nations have been stripped away of culture: they were forced to surrender land and degraded to the reserves while they were prohibited to have an Aboriginal model of family, social life and spirituality (Dickson-Gilmore, 2005). As Indigenous have been rejected culturally, socially and politically it is a contributing factor to why society has stereotypical views. As the mandatory placement of Aboriginals on reserves, it has resulted in the constant use of drugs and alcohol as they are excluded from the rest of society. Aboriginals have suffered through a disadvantaged past from being stripped of all kinds of identity and being put aside into the reserves. It is very easy to stereotypically judge an individual. Players in the criminal justice system are also humans and are aware of the historically disadvantaged past of the First Nations. The assumption all Aboriginals are the same can affect the outcome of cases wherein an Aboriginal is involved. The stigmatization that has been established about the Indigenous continues to prevail in society today as it is evident in the criminal justice system. Media The media has become a significant influence on the general public. From the television shows, movies and news it has managed to instil certain information, perceptions in the heads of its viewers and/or listeners. Prominently, the media will portray all the negative characteristics of a certain race which leads to the creation of stereotypes. Studies have shown the biasness of the Canadian media and the unfairness of media representations (Mahtani, 2001). Considerably, the media is a powerful medium to deliver knowledge to the public, selecting certain images of minorities to govern the publics perspective (Fleras and Kunz, 2001). As a result, pessimistic representation of minorities includes stereotypes and beliefs such as: threatening, deviant, and irrelevant to the construction of the nation. The negative traits of minorities depicted in the media automatically become the everyday perception of the public. It is rare to see minorities on a television show, however if they are fea tured on a show they are depicted as criminals or deviant (Mahtani, 2001). Thus, the images or the actions/role of a minority depicted in the media is considered one sided portrayals or articles become reality in the minds of Canadians (Fleras and Kunz, 2001) in addition to confirmation of the stereotypes already created. The media often creates a picture of poor black men involved in drugs or violence. Chances of a successful black man being featured in a news broadcast have decreased in the likelihood. The media generates a subliminal message of stereotyping black men. Focusing on a particular race stories emphasizing certain characteristics and eventually transfers those characteristics into a social norm (Fleras and Kunz, 2001). In addition, Aboriginals who have claimed the land of Canada primarily are also portrayed as alcoholics and violent individuals facilitating in the general stereotypes. These stereotypes are consumed in individual beliefs including the police and judicial system. According to Scot Wortley and Akwasi Owusu-Bempah (2010) media analyses have depicted Black people in Canada have a heightened chance of being portrayed as criminal offenders rather than victims. The Black population have often complained regarding the news media and other forms of popular culture (film, music, etc.) about the portrayal often enhancing the stereotypes that already exists. This depiction of the particular race usually places a strain on the treatment of the members of the criminal justice system. Scot Worley (2002) has performed extensive research within the Toronto star. In his findings, he discovered almost half of all stories depicting Black people are related to crime and violence, in comparison to 14% of its counterparts of white victims. In addition to the results, he also found that white victims received more media coverage than Black victims. These biases of large mediums affect an individuals sub consciousness. Treatments of minorities According to Nelson (2004), extensive research of the differential treatment of Aboriginals has been ongoing historically to present. A summarization of the results consists of similar cases of confrontations between first nations and the police due to harassment, racism or aggressiveness through force to restrain the fighting of Aboriginal groups for treaty rights and land claims. Government has imposed solutions in an attempt to reduce incarceration rates for First Nations. The method of restorative justice is encouraged to decrease the over representation of Aboriginals in the entire Criminal Justice System (Nelson, 2004). In addition, scholars have also studied the perception of police and interactions with the black community. Henry Hastings (1996) has conducted a research of how criminal activities are racialized resulting in the confirmation of negative perceptions affecting the treatment of blacks in the criminal justice system. Chart above (Wortley Owusu,-Bempah, 2009, Unequal before the law: Immigrant and Racial Minority Perceptions of the Canadian Criminal Justice system: http://www.springerlink.com/content/036768l1221r238m//fulltext.html#Fig2): Percent of respondents who believe that a black person would receive a harsher sentence than a white person convicted of the same crime The chart above is a depiction of the confidence of the general public in the justice system. As previously mentioned, the perceptions of society towards the Black population have not changed. As a result a survey has been conducted based on perception of three major ethnicities: White, Chinese and Black. The public beliefs of mistreating Blacks had forced the police enforcement to implement the idea of designing strategies to eliminate or reduce the belief of targeting racial minorities. An action plan of recruiting minority groups in the police force has been implemented. Evidentially, these anti-racism programs have not been well examined, due to the significant amount of increase still prevalent in this survey. Stenning (2003) has stated, if such efforts are effective, perceptions of racial bias in policing and the courts should have decreased significantly over the past 10 to 15 years. Racial Profiling A prominent form of racial discrimination is racial profiling. Evidence of surveys conducted still find racial profiling to be a common problem. An academic literature definition of racial profiling is defined as: significant racial differences in police stop and search practices, significant racial differences in Customs search and interrogation practice and particular under or sting operation which target specific racial/ethnic communities (Wortley Owusu-Bempah, 2010, p.17). Various studies conducted in the United States, Great Britain and Canada have all concluded that Black people have an increased chance of being stopped, questioned and search by the police (Tanovich, 2006). This issue has been brought to the attention of the Ontario Human Rights Commission in 2003 with a compilation of detailed testimonial from over 800 individuals in Ontario with a majority composition of black felt they have been a victim of racial profiling. If racial profiling exists it is evident that rac ial discrimination also exists and is somewhat visible in the justice system. Racial profiling within in the society by police, at every level of the justice system influences the statistical information of minorities in the Canadian criminal justice system. Players in the Criminal Justice System The explanation of the over representations of black and Aboriginals in the criminal justice system can simply be explained through the thorough analysis of the judicial system. Canada was originally established in a Eurocentric focus presently continuing justifying the flaws of the criminal justice system and the ignorance towards minorities. The limited representation of minority in the judiciary contributes to the factor of the lack of recognition of minority needs. Essentially, it is vital to implement affirmative action in the courts to avoid stigmatization of race (Crenshaw, Gotanda, Peller, 1995). In addition, in the event of final decisions in court, majority of jurors selected are of a white decent while the criminal offender is often black or Aboriginal with programmed stereotypes. As a result, jury decisions often incarcerate blacks and Aboriginals creating the over representations in prisons. By examining the judicial system it is easy to conclude the racial consistency is prominently white males. This reflects not only the European colonization in early years but the current patriarchal society. According to Hamalengwa (2003), a white lawyer had stated, bringing the racial animus in a criminal case will alienate the judge, police, prosecutors and the jury, all of whom are most likely White and will likely ensure a conviction (p.9). The credibility of this statement is accurate as it is a primary source. When the issue of race is raised in the court systems, it is often denied the attention and action for equal justice of minority groups such as Aboriginals and Blacks Police According to Parker et al (2005), there has been sufficient evidence to conclude police have an increased likelihood of making arrests in cases involving whites compared to non white victims as well as scenarios with a white victim and a black offender. These results show that whites are much more favourable within the justice system emphasizing on the higher value placed on them in comparison to blacks. Further analytical examinations of police biasness of whites during arrests have been studied. In Toronto during the period of 1996 throughout 2001 there have been 10,000 arrests involving drug possessions which was composed of 38% of black suspects and 23% whites. All accused persons were taken to the police station for report processes. However accused white individuals were likely to be discharged in contrast to black individuals who were most likely to be detained overnight for a bail hearing. As there is an overwhelming over representation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system, over and under policing contribute to these statistics (Rudin, 2005). Over policing refers to the practice of policing targeting people of particular ethnic or racial backgrounds or people who live in particular neighbourhoods (Rudin, 2005, p.1). This results in the police structuring a different approach towards Aboriginals with the assumption they are violent, dangerous and more likely to be involved in criminal activity. In contrast to the over policing, Aboriginals are underrepresented to being victims by police. This a reflection of the government who often disregard the Aboriginal rights claims and ignore the suffering they continue to experience (Rudin, 2005). Though there have been collective efforts to strategically reduce racial bias in the justice system, it is still questionable whether it is actually effective. One of the approaches that has been recently been put in effect is minority recruitment. It is the idea of hiring minorities to diversify policing and the other sectors of the justice system (Stenning, 2003). Results of this strategy have improved in diversifying the police. In 1994, the police force was composed of 6% minority members compared to the significant increase in 2009 to 19% (Wortley McCalla, 2008). Diversity has evidentially been proven to exist as the two out of the four Deputy Chiefs are black as well as the September 2009 graduates reported to have been the most multicultural class of recruits (Wortley Owusu-Bempah, 2010). As the police are creating a racially diversified environment there is no guarantee that minority members are free of racial discrimination in the work force. The problem of racial discrimination will be difficult to completely eradicate, considering the historical aspects of Canada and the existence continuing into the workforce. Police are a vital variable to consider when dealing with the racial background of one of the primary source for arrests and convictions. As mentioned previously, the police force had been historically composed of a majority of white racial background until recently creating bias to those minorities from internalized beliefs. Jurors Critical Race Theory was created in the 1970s acknowledging racism adopting the ideology from the United States. It is a socially constructed concept attempting to show the structure of law including antidiscrimination law accommodating and facilitating racism (Aylward, 1999). The implication of the Critical Race Theory intensifies the application of power within the criminal justice system. Initially, the aims and objectives of the Critical Race Theory emphasizes on race and power. It fundamentally deconstructs society by categorizing racial hierarchies. However, the recognition of racism reproduces inequality, further minimizing minority rights. The concept deconstructs position of minorities while reconstructing juror bias (Aylward, 1999). In the Canadian context critical race theory is often applied to the races that are more prominent to racial discrimination, Blacks and First Nations. Jury Selection In addition, the jury selection process is most likely to reflect the judiciary representation. National Law Journal conducted a study containing a sample of 800 jurors, 42% were White jurors in contrast to the 25% of Black jurors teaming up with the police officers rather than defendant present in the case (Hamalengwa, 2003). In circumstances of cases wherein race is involved, it is often a minority attempting to indict a representative of the criminal justice system such as the police with an all white jury. The study observed that jurors are more biased by empathizing with victims of their own race and lenient of defendants of the same racial background (Hamalengwa, 2003). Thus, to achieve an equal administration of justice it is essential to select a racially mixed jury. In the case of R. v. Williams jury selection depicted the flaws of the criminal justice system. Victor Daniel Williams, an Aboriginal accused of a robbery charge denied accusations. At the primary trial, the judge permitted questions posed to potential jurors. As a result of this, the Crown had applied for a mistrial on the basis of procedural errors and the unfortunate publicity of the jury selection process (R. v. Williams, 1998). At the second trial the judge had dismissed any motion from the accused. In conclusion of this trial the court had admitted to the widespread of discrimination against First Nations within the community. In cases where the defendant believes the jury might have prejudiced towards the particular race such as Aboriginal, the prosecution and defence have the right to challenge potential jurors for cause on the ground of partiality (R. v. Williams, 1998). Questions the defendant may ask the potential jurors whether they have already possess a prejudice towards the racial group altogether if so, if it is possible for the jurors to make decisions without the bias they posses. The case was a lengthy process of arguing why the jurors were questioned as it is presumed that jurors will function without biasness. Counter arguments have stated it if the prejudice of society is widespread how are the jurors able to remove it for the trial defeating the purpose of section 638(1)(b) (R. v. Williams, 1998). As the case concluded, extensive bias continues to uphold against Aboriginals. In contrast, British Columbia and the attending judge held the evidence was not sufficient to determine potential ju rors prejudiced. The R. v. Williams case has depicted the outcome of jury bias. However, this could be further prevented if the jury selection process was racially mixed with different backgrounds and a variety of perspectives. The outcome of the case would differ greatly. This case could be referred back to the stereotypes instilled in individuals. The general public assumes Aboriginals and prisons are constantly correlated. The implication of this stereotype can be further expanded to the uncivilized and lack social and moral order essential in society (R. v. Williams, 1998). In the case of R. v. Williams jury selection depicted the flaws of the criminal justice system. Victor Daniel Williams, an Aboriginal accused of a robbery charge denied accusations. At the primary trial, the judge permitted questions posed to potential jurors. As a result of this, the Crown had applied for a mistrial on the basis of procedural errors and the unfortunate publicity of the jury selection process (R. v. Williams, 1998). At the second trial the judge had dismissed any motion from the accused. In conclusion of this trial the court had admitted to the widespread of discrimination against First Nations within the community. In cases where the defendant believes the jury might have prejudiced towards the particular race such as Aboriginal, the prosecution and defence have the right to challenge potential jurors for cause on the ground of partiality (R. v. Williams, 1998). Questions the defendant may ask the potential jurors whether they have already possess a prejudice towards the racial group altogether if so, if it is possible for the jurors to make decisions without the bias they posses. The case was a lengthy process of arguing why the jurors were questioned as it is presumed that jurors will function without biasness. Counter arguments have stated it if the prejudice of society is widespread how are the jurors able to remove it for the trial defeating the purpose of section 638(1)(b) (R. v. Williams, 1998). As the case concluded, extensive bias continues to uphold against Aborginals. In contrast, British Columbia and the attending judge held the evidence was not sufficient to determine potential jur ors prejudiced. Though, the case itself was based on the conviction of robbery, it is imperative to note and understand the trials by judge and jury as there is an increased likelihood the outcome of the case is based on systemic discriminatory practices. Systemic Discrimination It is not surprising to see the prominent race in Canadian prisons consists of the minority groups that are often faced with obstacles. Both Blacks and Aboriginals have suffered through a disadvantaged history mirroring the result of how they function in society leading them to prison. However, as these groups are prone to committing more criminal activities in comparison to other races, the partial verdicts of judges and jurors are significantly influenced. Hence, it results in the over representation of Blacks and Aboriginals in Canadian prisons. Canadian Prison System The table below illustrates statistics of the composition of the Canadian prison system. It can be concluded through examination of the charts that Aboriginals and Blacks have the greatest amount of incarceration into prisons. The general population of Blacks and Aboriginals composed in society compared to the ratio that are incarcerated have significant differences and make up majority of incarcerated individuals. The over representations of these particular races in the prison system can cause the general population to question the justice system. Inevitably, factors to consider when analyzing this chart include the consideration of the actual crime committed or the injustice of the courts to properly provide justice to offenders due to racial bias or discrimination. The Representation of Ethno-Racial Groups in Canadas Federal Corrections System (2008) Racial Background National Population1 % of National Population Federal Correctional Population2 % Federal Correctional Population Odds Ratio Rate of Federal Correctional Supervision (per, 100,000) White 25,000,155 80.0 15,157 66.6 0.83 60.62 Aboriginal 1,172,785 3.8 3,894 17.1 4.50 332.03 Black 783,795 2.5 1,684 7.4 2.96 214.85 Asian3 2,090,390 6.7 668 2.9 0.43 31.95 South Asian 1,262,865 4.0 216 1.0 0.25 17.10 Other 931,040 3.0 1,127 5.0 1.67 121.04 TOTAL 31,241,030 100.0 22,746 100.0 1.00 72.80 1 Population estimates for each racial group were derived from the 2006 Census (Chui and Maheux 2008). 2 2008 Federal correctional statistics include those in prison and those under community supervision (Public Safety Canada 2009). 3 The Asian category includes people of Chinese, Japanese, South-East Asian, Korean and Filipino descent. 4 The Other category includes people with multiple racial backgrounds. R. v. Marshall (1971) Donald Marshall was an average seventeen year old. As a youth, it is more likely to get in trouble with the law for petty crimes such as consumption of alcohol or smoking. He was the typical young man who would break the law and

Themes in the Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

Themes in the Tempest       The Tempest is generally considered to be Shakespeare's last sole-authored play. The play draws a number of oppositions, some of which it dramatises, and some of which it only implies. Prospero, a figure exhibiting many resemblances to the Elizabethan idea of the 'Mage', (of whom the best known is probably Dr. John Dee), is opposed to both his corrupt brother, usurper of his role as Duke of Milan, and to Sycorax, an evil witch and mother of the 'deformed slave' Caliban. Sycorax does not enter the action of the play, having died before it opens, but enough is made of her evil disposition and behaviour to show Prospero as a model of human virtue in comparison. This despite Prospero's own use of magic to accomplish his will, and his bullying of the spirit Ariel and his threats to and punishments of Caliban. Prospero's role is central to the play, he is in control of the action throughout, through the exercise of his 'Art'. A further contast is drawn between Miranda, Prospero's daug hter, and caliban. Bothe were brought up together by Prospero since his arrival on Caliban's Island, but Caliban has not responded suitably to Prospero's civilising education. Miranda, however, in line with the tenor of Shakespeare's late plays in particular, is a model of chastity and virtue. Caliban's 'ingratitude' would seem to result from what we would call his genetic inheritance. Miranda calls him    Abhorred slave Which any print of goodness will not take (1:2:353-354) [FN1]    And Prospero    A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick; on whom my pains, Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost. (4:1:188-190)    The opposition of nature and nurture is made... ...ntual relinquishing of power which entitles him to regain it. In my opinion, Shakespeare is associating true authority with renunciation, not with the exercise of tyrannical power.    NOTES 1. All citations and references are to Frank Kermode's Arden Edition, to the excellent introduction of which I am indebted throughout. 2. In the Masque, the anti-masque is a comedic prelude in which the villainous characters (of lower-class origin) plot against virtue and established power-relations. In the Masque proper divine beings (frequently played by courtiers) would step in and defeat the evil plot, whereupon the cast would leave the stage and dance with the audience. 3. Paul Brown, 'This Thing of Darkness I Acknowledge Mine' (in) Political Shakespeare, (eds) J. Dollimore & A. Sinfield, Manchester University Press, Manchester, (1996), pp. 48-71.